人工智能遭遇文档及人员障碍：数字化和流程数字化

人工智能的使用已到了令人惊叹的地步，人工智能在识别、模式和异常检测（https://www.cognilytica.com/2019/07/25/infographic-the-identification-pattern-of-ai/）、预测性分析（https://www.cognilytica.com/2019/08/01/infographic-the-predictive-analytics-decision-support-pattern-of-ai/）、自主系统（https://www.cognilytica.com/2019/10/23/ai-today-podcast-112-patterns--ai-autonomous-systems/）、超个性化和目标驱动系统等方面提供了强大的功能。但人工智能系统如果不能访问数据就不能训练机器学习模型，也就没有办法做任何事情。而大部分数据都以纸质或电子形式或人工控制的形式封闭在文档里。

Often, a necessary first step to making any AI project happen is simply getting those documents and processes out of paper and human-based forms and into digital forms that a machine can understand. The notion of converting these analog assets into digital forms is known as digitization in the context of documents and information, and digitalization, in the context of processes and human-based activities. [Not surprisingly, digitization and digitalization efforts are seeing some of their most robust activity in the context of AI- enabling systems, according to a report from analyst firm Cognilytica.](https://www.cognilytica.com/2020/06/23/digitization-and- digitalization-june-2020/) _(Disclosure, I’m a principal analyst with Cognilytica)_

通常，实现任何AI（人工智能）项目的第一步就是简单地将这些文档和流程从纸质和基于人类形式里提取出来及转换成机器可以理解的数字形式。数字化是指将这些模拟资产转换为数字形式，是相对文档和信息的上下文而言。而流程数字化（Digitalization）则是相对流程和基于人类活动的上下文而言。根据分析公司Cognilytica的报告，数字化和数字流程化工作在AI支持系统方面的活动十分强劲，这是不足为奇的。（有必要披露一下，笔者是Cognilytica的首席分析师）

**Digitization**

数字化

The general idea of digitization is the process of converting information into a digital, computer-readable format. In order to gain real insights from your data and information it needs to make its way into a digital format rather than existing on paper and stored in a physical filing cabinet. Data is the foundational layer upon which information, understanding, and insights can be gathered. Document digitization is the idea of getting information that computers can’t process into a format they can handle.

数字化基本就是将信息转换为计算机可读的数字格式的过程。要从数据和信息中获得真正的见解，就需要将其转换成数字格式，而不能是纸质形式或存储在实体文件柜里。数据是基础层，信息、理解和见解的收集都是基于该基础层。文档数字化就是将计算机无法处理的信息整成计算机可以处理的形式。

By digitizing data, organizations and agencies can extract more value from assets that are otherwise literally gathering dust and occupying space. To gain higher level understanding from their data including performing analyses, automating various tasks, and incorporating more intelligent and cognitive processes, information needs to be converted from its non-digital form into one that computers can understand.

数据经过数字化后，组织和机构就可以从这样的资产中获取更多的价值，未经数字化的资产实际上是用来落灰的，而且还占空间。为了从数据中获得更高层次的理解，例如包括执行分析、自动执行等各种任务以及整合更多智能和认知过程的数据，信息需要从非数字形式转换为计算机可以理解的形式。

Examples of digitizing information include:

信息数字化的例子包括：

* Converting printed and handwritten text to digital format

• 将打印文本和手写文本转换为数字格式

* Converting audio recordings in analog formats to digital format

• 将模拟格式的音频唱片转换为数字格式

* Converting archival documents to digital format

• 将档案文件转换为数字格式

* Converting video and film content to digital format

• 将视频和电影内容转换为数字格式

For information that relates to documents, the concept of document digitization is also known as **document capture.   **The goal of document capture and document digitization is one of taking non-digital information and representing it in a digital manner for further processing. Many document capture systems take a digital image or sample of a print document, video, film, or other non-digital asset. The resulting digital format can then be electronically stored for further processing and analysis. Below is an example of digitization of text.

与文档有关的信息数字化也叫文档捕获。文档捕获和文档数字化的目标是获取非数字信息并用数字方式表示出来做进一步处理。许多文档捕获系统往往先获得一个数字图像或打印文档、视频、胶片或其他非数字资产的样本。然后再将所生成的数字格式进行电子存储，再进行进一步的处理和分析。以下是文本数字化的示例。


Document capture and extraction Cognilytica

文档捕获和提取（图：Cognilytica）

Just as documents can be digitized, so too can audio and video assets. Analog video or audio must be transferred to digital format for organizations to be able to use it in a meaningful way such as posting to the internet or a website or transferring to someone via email or digital file shares.

文档可以数字化，音频和视频资产也可以数字化。组织必须先将模拟视频或音频转换成数字格式用起来才有意义，例如发布到网上或网站上，或通过电子邮件或数字文件共享发给某个人。

Examples of audio and video digitization include:

音频和视频数字化的例子包括：

* Converting film and magnetic video to digital format

• 将电影和视频磁带转换为数字格式

* Converting music and magnetic audio to digital format

• 将音乐和音频磁带转换为数字格式

* Converting analog audio and video production to digital formats

• 将模拟音频和视频作品转换为数字格式

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